Python Alternatives

Julia is free and open-source high-level, high-performance, dynamic programming language. The language is most commonly used by developers for numerical analysis and computational science. Julia's ecosystem includes many packages that makes easy to create data visualisations, work with data and machine learning.

JavaScript is a scripting or programming language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification. The language is mainly used to create complex features for web pages, but is also used other software project. Javascript has curly-bracket syntax, dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions and is mostly just-in-time compiled.

TypeScript is a free and open-source programming language created by Microsoft. The language is a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript and redefines the way developer writes JavaScript-based web applications and software by adding optional static typing in the mix. TypeScript is designed specifically for development of large-scale applications with a need to transcompile into JavaScript.

A general-purpose, concurrent, functional programming language used to build massively scalable soft real-time systems with requirements on high availability. Erlang comes bundled with the OTP, the Open Telecom Platform which is a runtime system first developed by Ericsson to handle the Swedish telecom infrastructure in the early 80's. The term Erlang and OTP is today used interchangeably and includes the runtime, the language and ready-to-use components built specifically for the ecosystem. To this day, Erlang is used in various sectors and applications like telecoms, banking, e-commerce, computer telephony and instant messaging. As the language is suitable for critical infrastructure and applications that requires high availability and real-time features, running at scale.

Haskell is a free and open-source purely-functional programming language. The language has been around since the 1990's and has pioneered a number of advanced programming language features such as type classes, which enable type-safe operator overloading. Haskell is an open-source project of more than twenty years of scientific research and provides built-in concurrency and parallelism, debuggers, profilers and rich libraries that can be used to build robust applications while following functional programming patterns.

PHP is a popular free and open-source general-purpose scripting language. The language was created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. PHP is fast, flexible and pragmatic and is especially suited to web development. It is utilised by individual developers and large corporations like facebook, where it powers backend services.

Perl is a family high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming languages. The project is open-source and has been in community development for over 30 years. Perl is a highly capable language and feature rich language with over 25,000 community created extensions.

A modern, dynamic, and functional dialect of the Lisp and programming language that targets the JVM (Java Virtual Machine). Clojure is a compiled language, yet remains completely dynamic as it combines the approachability and interactive development of a scripting language with an efficient and robust infrastructure for multithreaded programming. The development of Clojure is completely community-driven, while being overseen by its creator Rich Hickey.

At Google I/O 2017, Kotlin was announced as to official development and programming language for Android. As it became the third language to be fully supported by the platform with Java and C++. However, Kotlin can also be used cross-paltform for native, server-side and web development as well as for data science projects. The language is statically typed and general-purpose, and is designed from the bottom up to increase developer happiness. 

OCaml is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language created in 1996 by Xavier Leroy, Jérôme Vouillon, Damien Doligez, Didier Rémy, Ascánder Suárez, and others. The language extends the Caml dialect of ML with object-oriented features and provides a rich set of libraries. OCaml is openly developed by the community and is used by companies that require speed and code safety when writing mission critical software.

Designed and developed by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson at Google. Go or Golang is a compiled programming language that is statically typed and shares similarities with C, syntactically. The programming language was specifically designed to make it easy to build simple, reliable, and efficient software with safety, garbage collection, structural typing, and CSP-style concurrency.

A programming language that combines object-oriented and functional programming in one concise, high-level language. Scala is used by developers to build scalable software for the JVM, the Java Virtual Machine. The Scala source code is automatically compiled into Java bytecode that is executable on the JVM. When the language first was designed it aimed to address some of the most common criticisms of Java, and the static types in Scala help developers to avoid bugs in complex applications and large-scale systems.